120 Q&As in UPDATED CWAP-405 Exam Questions Certification Test Engine to PDF
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NEW QUESTION # 28
The network administrator at ABC Engineering has taken a large packet capture from one of their APs running in monitor mode. She has very little knowledge of 802.11 protocols but would like to use the capture file to evaluate the overall health and performance of their wireless network. When she asks your advice, which tool do you recommend she opens the packet capture file with?
- A. Python
- B. Spectrum analyzer
- C. WLAN scanner
- D. Capture visualization tool
Answer: D
Explanation:
A capture visualization tool is a software application that can open a packet capture file and display various graphs, charts, tables, and statistics that illustrate the characteristics and behavior of the wireless network. A capture visualization tool can help a network administrator with little knowledge of 802.11 protocols to evaluate the overall health and performance of their wireless network by providing a visual and intuitive representation of the captured data. A spectrum analyzer is a hardware device that measures the radio frequency signals in a given frequency range and displays their amplitude, frequency, and modulation. A spectrum analyzer can help identify sources of interference and noise in the wireless environment, but it cannot open a packet capture file. Python is a programming language that can be used to write scripts or applications that manipulate or analyze packet capture files, but it requires coding skills and knowledge of
802.11 protocols. A WLAN scanner is a software application that scans for available wireless networks and displays information such as SSID, BSSID, channel, signal strength, security type, and vendor. A WLAN scanner can help discover wireless networks and their basic parameters, but it cannot open a packet capture file345 References:
* CWAP-405Study Guide, Chapter 2: Protocol Analysis, page 63
* CWAP-405Objectives, Section 2.5: Use capture visualization tools
* CWAP-405Study Guide, Chapter 4: Spectrum Analysis and Troubleshooting, page 117
* CWAP-405Objectives, Section 4.1: Use spectrum analysis tools
* CWAP-405Study Guide, Chapter 2: Protocol Analysis, page 33
* CWAP-405Objectives, Section 2.2: Analyze field values
NEW QUESTION # 29
You have received reports of performance problems in a BSS. One specific user is indicating that her downloads are taking a very long time compared to other users around her. You want to determine if the AP is sending frames multiple times to get through to the user's computer.
Where should you monitor with the protocol analyzer to see retries from the AP in this scenario?
- A. Capture from another AP in another BSS
- B. Very near the client STA
- C. Very near the AP
- D. Directly in the middle of the AP and client STA
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 30
How does a VoIP Phone, using WMM Power Save, request data frames buffered at the AP?
- A. The VoIP phone transmits a trigger frame, which is a QoS Null frame or a QoS Data frame
- B. The VoIP phone transmits a WMM Action frame
- C. The VoIP phone transmits a PS-Poll frame
- D. The VoIP phone sets the More Data bit in the MAC Header to 1
Answer: A
Explanation:
A VoIP phone, using WMM Power Save, requests data frames buffered at the AP by transmitting a trigger frame, which is a QoS Null frame or a QoS Data frame. WMM Power Save is a power saving mode that allows a STA (station) to conserve battery power by periodically sleeping and waking up. WMM Power Save is based on WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia), which is a QoS (Quality of Service) enhancement that provides prioritized and differentiated access to the medium for different types of traffic. When a STA sleeps, it cannot receive any data frames from the AP, so it informs the AP of its power save status by setting a bit in its MAC header. The AP then buffers any data frames destined for the sleeping STA until it wakes up. When a STA wakes up, it sends a trigger frame to the AP, indicating its AC (Access Category), which is a logical queue that corresponds to its QoS level. A trigger frame can be either a QoS Null frame or a QoS Data frame, depending on whether it has any payload or not. The AP then responds with one or more data frames from the same AC as the trigger frame, followed by an ACK or BA (Block Acknowledgement) frame from the STA.
The other options are not correct, as they are not used by a VoIP phone using WMM Power Save to request data frames buffered at the AP. A PS-Poll (Power Save Poll) frame is used by a STA using legacy power save mode, not WMM Power Save mode, to request data frames buffered at the AP. A PS-Poll frame does not indicate any AC or QoS information. Setting the More Data bit in the MAC header to 1 does not request any data frames from the AP, but indicates that there are more data frames to be sent by the STA or received by the STA. Transmitting a WMM Action frame does not request any data frames from the AP, but performs various management actions related to WMM features, such as admission control, parameter update, etc. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 7: QoS Analysis, page
198-199
NEW QUESTION # 31
Which common feature of a Spectrum Analyzer would be the best to help you locate a non-802.11 interference source?
- A. Min hold
- B. Max hold
- C. Location filter
- D. Device finder
Answer: D
Explanation:
The device finder is a common feature of a spectrum analyzer that helps locate a non-802.11 interference source. The device finder uses a directional antenna to measure the signal strength of a specific frequency or signal source. By pointing the antenna in different directions, the device finder can indicate the direction and distance of the interference source. The device finder can also filter out other signals that are not related to the interference source. The other options are not correct, as they do not help locate a non-802.11 interference source. Max hold and min hold are features that show the maximum and minimum RF power levels over time, respectively. Location filter is a feature that filters out signals that are not from a specific location or area. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 3: Spectrum Analysis, page 77-78
NEW QUESTION # 32
What is used to respond with an uplink transmission to an MU-RTS trigger frame in the 802.11ax PHY?
- A. HE SU PPDU
- B. HE MU PPDU
- C. VHT PPDU
- D. HE TB PPDU
Answer: D
Explanation:
An HE TB PPDU (High Efficiency Trigger-Based Packet Data Unit) is used to respond with an uplink transmission to an MU-RTS trigger frame in the 802.11ax PHY (Physical Layer). An MU-RTS trigger frame is a frame that initiates a multi-user transmission opportunity (MU-TXOP) by requesting multiple stations (STAs) to send clear-to-send (CTS) frames on different spatial streams or resource units (RUs). An HE TB PPDU is a frame that contains data from multiple STAs that have been allocated RUs by an MU-RTS trigger frame or another type of trigger frame. An HE SU PPDU (High Efficiency Single User Packet Data Unit) is a frame that contains data from a single STA using all available spatial streams or RUs. An HE MU PPDU (High Efficiency Multi User Packet Data Unit) is a frame that contains data from multiple STAs using different spatial streams or RUs without being triggered by another frame. A VHT PPDU (Very High Throughput Packet Data Unit) is a frame that uses the 802.11ac PHY and does not support multi-user transmissions.
References:
CWAP-405Study Guide, Chapter 3: 802.11 MAC Layer Frame Formats and Technologies, page 101 CWAP-405Objectives, Section 3.4: Analyze multi-user transmissions CWAP-405Study Guide, Chapter 3: 802.11 MAC Layer Frame Formats and Technologies, page 99
NEW QUESTION # 33
What is the difference between a Data frame and a QoS-Data frame?
- A. QoS Data frames include a DSCP control field
- B. QoS Data frames include a QoS control field
- C. QoS Data frames include an 802.1Q VLAN tag
- D. QoS Data frames include a QoS information element
Answer: B
Explanation:
The difference between a Data frame and a QoS-Data frame is that QoS Data frames include a QoS control field. A Data frame is a type of data frame that is used to carry user data or upper layer protocol data between STAs and APs. A QoS Data frame is a type of data frame that is used to carry user data or upper layer protocol data between STAs and APs that support QoS (Quality of Service) features. QoS features allow different types of traffic to be prioritized and handled differently according to their QoS requirements, such as delay, jitter, throughput, etc. QoS Data frames include a QoS control field in their MAC header, which contains information such as traffic identifier (TID), queue size (TXOP), acknowledgment policy (ACK), etc., that are used for QoS purposes. The other options are not correct, as they do not describe the difference between Data and QoS Data frames. QoS Data frames do not include a DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point) control field, which is part of the IP header in the network layer, not the MAC header in the data link layer. QoS Data frames do not include a QoS information element (IE), which is part of some management frames that indicate QoS capabilities or parameters, not data frames. QoS Data frames do not include an 802.1 Q VLAN tag, which is part of some Ethernet frames that indicate VLAN membership or priority, not wireless frames. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 118-119
NEW QUESTION # 34
You are working in an organization that has implemented an SCA-based WLAN. You want to change the RF channel for a single AP.
What can you do to perform this task with some SCA solutions?
- A. Access the AP using Telnet and change the channel
- B. Access the AP using SSH and change the channel
- C. Convert the network to MCA
- D. Access the AP through the console port and change the channel
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 35
Where, in a protocol analyzer, would you find an indication that a frame was transmitted as part of an A- MPDU?
- A. A-MPDU flag in the QoS Control Field
- B. The HT Operation Element
- C. The Aggregation flag in the Radio Tap Header
- D. A-MPDU flag in the Frame Control Field
Answer: C
Explanation:
In a protocol analyzer, you would find an indication that a frame was transmitted as part of an A-MPDU by looking at the Aggregation flag in the Radio Tap Header. The Radio Tap Header is a pseudo-header that is added by some wireless capture devices to provide additional information about the physical layer characteristics of a frame. The Aggregation flag is one of the fields in this header, and it indicates whether the frame belongs to an A-MPDU or not. If the flag is set to 1, it means that the frame is part of an A-MPDU; if it is set to 0, it means that the frame is not part of an A-MPDU . References: CWAP-405Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 9: PHY Layer Frame Formats and Technologies, page 303; CWAP-405Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 9: PHY Layer Frame Formats and Technologies, page 304.
NEW QUESTION # 36
Which one of the following portions of information is communicated by bits in the PHY Header?
- A. SNR
- B. Noise
- C. Signal strength
- D. Data rate
Answer: D
Explanation:
One of the information that is communicated by bits in the PHY header is data rate. Data rate is the speed at which data is transmitted or received over the wireless medium. Data rate depends on factors such as modulation, coding, channel width, spatial streams, and guard interval. Data rate is indicated by bits in different fields of the PHY header, depending on the type of PPDU (e.g., OFDM, HT, VHT, HE). The receiver uses these bits to determine how to decode and demodulate the rest of the PPDU. The other options are not correct, as they are not communicated by bits in the PHY header. SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio), noise, and signal strength are measured by the receiver based on its own capabilities and environment. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 101-105
NEW QUESTION # 37
You must report on frame types seen on the WLAN. You want to list the frame types by both name and binary value.
What frame type is represented by the binary value 011010, which includes the Type and Subtype values?
- A. Authentication
- B. Beacon
- C. Association Request
- D. PS-Poll
Answer: D
Explanation:
References:
NEW QUESTION # 38
What is the function of the PHY layer?
- A. Convert PSDUs to PPDUs for transmissions and PPDUs to PSDUs for receptions
- B. Convert PPDUs to PSDUs for transmissions and PSDUs to PPDUs for receptions
- C. Convert MSDUs to PPDUs for transmissions and PPDUs to MSDUs for receptions
- D. Convert PPDUs to MSDUs for transmissions and MSDUs to PPDUs for receptions
Answer: A
Explanation:
The function of the PHY layer is to convert PSDUs to PPDUs for transmissions and PPDUs to PSDUs for receptions. A PSDU (PHY Service Data Unit) is the data unit that is passed from the MAC layer to the PHY layer for transmission, or from the PHY layer to the MAC layer for reception. A PPDU (PHY Protocol Data Unit) is the data unit that is transmitted or received over the wireless medium by the PHY layer. A PPDU consists of a PSDU and a PHY header, which contains information such as modulation, coding, and data rate.
The PHY layer adds or removes the PHY header to or from the PSDU during the conversion process. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 97-98
NEW QUESTION # 39
A new firmware has been released for the AP model you use in your WLAN. You have more than 120 of these APs installed.
What is a good reason for applying a firmware update on an enterprise AP?
- A. Enable new security features and patch vulnerabilities
- B. Enable 4x4:4 spatial streams on a 3x3:3 AP
- C. Enable the short guard interval
- D. Disable lower data rates
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which one of the statements regarding the Frame Control field in an 802.11 MAC header is true?
- A. The Frame Control field is used to communicate the duration value
- B. The Frame Control field is always set to 0
- C. Only Control frames have a Frame Control field
- D. The Frame Control field contains subfields, and soma in 1-bit flags
Answer: D
Explanation:
The statement that the Frame Control field contains subfields, and some 1-bit flags is true. The Frame Control field is a 2-byte field in the MAC header that contains information about the type, subtype, and characteristics of a frame. The Frame Control field is divided into several subfields, each with a specific function and length.
Some of these subfields are 1-bit flags, which can be set to 0 or 1 to indicate a certain condition or status. For example, the To DS and From DS subfields are 1-bit flags that indicate whether a frame is destined for or originated from the DS (Distribution System). The other statements are not true, as they do not describe the Frame Control field correctly. All types of frames (management, control, and data) have a Frame Control field, not just control frames. The Frame Control field is not used to communicate the duration value, which is a separate field in the MAC header. The Frame Control field is not always set to 0, as it varies depending on the type, subtype, and characteristics of each frame. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 113-114
NEW QUESTION # 41
As the WLAN engineer in your organization, you must troubleshoot performance problems related to co- channel interference (CCI).
What is a good measurement of CCI impact in addition to the number of APs seen on a channel?
- A. Retries
- B. Utilization
- C. The frequency used
- D. Non-Wi-Fi device count
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 42
When using a commercial WLAN protocol analyzer, you notice that it is listing vendor names for some APs and client STAs.
What is the source of this information?
- A. DNS name resolution
- B. Vendor OUI values
- C. Banner grabbing
- D. Broadcast name resolution
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 43
Given a protocol analyzer can decrypt WPA2-PSK data packets providing the PSK and SSID are configured in the analyzer software. When performing packet capture (in a non-FT environment) which frames are required in order for PSK frame decryption to be possible?
- A. Probe Response
- B. Authentication
- C. 4-Way Handshake
- D. Reassociation
Answer: C
Explanation:
The 4-way handshake is the process that establishes the pairwise transient key (PTK) between the client and the AP in WPA2-PSK. The PTK is derived from the PSK, the SSID, and some random numbers exchanged in the handshake frames. The PTK is used to encrypt and decrypt the data frames between the client and the AP. Therefore, in order to decrypt WPA2-PSK data packets, a protocol analyzer needs to capture the 4-way handshake frames and have the PSK and SSID configured in the analyzer software12 References:
* CWAP-405Study Guide, Chapter 3: 802.11 MAC Layer Frame Formats and Technologies, page 87
* CWAP-405Objectives, Section 3.5: Analyze security exchanges
NEW QUESTION # 44
During an initial install of a controller-based WLAN, the APs are not locating the WLAN controller. The controller is two router hops away from the nearest AP. DHCP is not used. When performing a packet trace, you see a DNS response code of 3 targeted at one of the APs.
What is the problem?
- A. The controller host record has not been created in the DNS server
- B. The authentication to the DNS server failed
- C. The router is not forwarding packets to the DNS server
- D. The DNS server is not authoritative for the domain
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 45
What is an AIFS?
- A. A medium access method introduced by 802.lln, but never implemented
- B. The shortest period of time a STA can sleep
- C. A variable Interframe Space introduced by 802.lie to help prioritize medium access for different Access Categories
- D. A form of aggregation performed at the PHY layer based on 802.lie UP values interpreted from DSCP values
Answer: C
Explanation:
An AIFS is a variable interframe space introduced by 802.11e to help prioritize medium access for different Access Categories (ACs). An interframe space is a period of time that a STA (station) has to wait before attempting to access the medium. An AIFS is a type of interframe space that varies depending on the AC of the traffic. An AC is a logical queue that corresponds to a QoS (Quality of Service) level for different types of traffic. There are four ACs defined by 802.11e: AC_VO (Voice), AC_VI (Video), AC_BE (Best Effort), and AC_BK (Background). Each AC has a different AIFSN (Arbitration Interframe Space Number) value, which determines how long it has to wait before attempting to access the medium. A lower AIFSN value means a higher priority and a shorter waiting time. The other options are not correct, as they do not describe what an AIFS is. An AIFS is not a medium access method introduced by 802.11n, but never implemented, as it is part of the 802.11e standard and widely used in QoS-enabled WLANs. An AIFS is not a form of aggregation performed at the PHY layer based on 802.11e UP values interpreted from DSCP values, as aggregation is a technique that combines multiple frames into one larger frame to improve efficiency and throughput, not prioritization or medium access. An AIFS is not the shortest period of time a STA can sleep, as sleeping is a power saving mode that allows a STA to conserve battery power by periodically turning off its radio, not accessing the medium. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 7:
QoS Analysis, page 194-195
NEW QUESTION # 46
Which one of the following statements is not true concerning DTIMs?
- A. Buffered Broadcast and Multicast traffic will be transmitted following a DTIM
- B. The DTIM interval can dictate when an STA will wake up to listen to beacon frames
- C. DTIM stands for Delivery Traffic Indication Map
- D. Every Beacon frame must contain a DTIM
Answer: D
Explanation:
Every Beacon frame must contain a DTIM is not a true statement concerning DTIMs. DTIM stands for Delivery Traffic Indication Message, and it is a subfield within the TIM (Traffic Indication Map) element in a Beacon frame. The DTIM indicates how many Beacon frames (including the current one) will appear before the next DTIM. For example, if the DTIM interval is set to 3, it means that every third Beacon frame will contain a DTIM. Buffered broadcast and multicast traffic will be transmitted following a DTIM, so that STAs in power save mode can wake up and receive them. The DTIM interval can also dictate when an STA will wake up to listen to Beacon frames, as some STAs may choose to only listen to Beacon frames that contain a DTIM . References: CWAP-405Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter
6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 200; CWAP-405Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 201.
NEW QUESTION # 47
You are analyzing a packet decode of a Probe Request and notice the SSID element has a length of zero.
What do you conclude about the transmitting STA?
- A. The STA is operating in Ad-Hoc mode
- B. The STA's WLAN adaptor is disabled
- C. The STA is discovering a list of available BSSs
- D. The WLAN adaptor is configured in promiscuous mode
Answer: C
Explanation:
The STA is discovering a list of available BSSs by sending a Probe Request with an empty SSID element.
This is also known as a broadcast Probe Request, as it does not specify any particular SSID to probe for. Any AP that receives this Probe Request will respond with a Probe Response containing its own SSID and other information about its BSS. This way, the STA can learn about all the BSSs in its vicinity and choose which one to associate with . References: CWAP-405Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 191; CWAP-405Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 193.
NEW QUESTION # 48
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